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    "display_name": "Cash Flow",
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    "abbreviation": null,
    "short_definition": "Cash flow is the movement of cash into and out of a business over a period.",
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  "content": {
    "definition": {
      "key": "definition",
      "title": "一言でいうと",
      "text": "Cash flow is the movement of cash into and out of a business over a period.",
      "items": []
    },
    "formula": {
      "key": "formula",
      "title": "計算方法",
      "text": null,
      "items": [
        "Basic | Ending cash - opening cash = net cash flow | Shows change in cash balance",
        "Operating cash flow + investing cash flow + financing cash flow = change in cash | Decomposes cash movement by activity",
        "Free Cash Flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditure | Approximates cash available after reinvestment"
      ]
    },
    "boundary": {
      "key": "boundary",
      "title": "含めるもの / 含めないもの",
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      "items": [
        "Include | Cash receipts, payments, taxes, payroll, purchases, capex, borrowing and repayment | They move cash",
        "Exclude | Uncollected revenue, purely non-cash expenses, accounting gains | They are not cash movement"
      ]
    },
    "usage": [
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        "key": "meaning",
        "title": "意味",
        "text": "Cash flow tracks cash movement rather than profit. A company can show revenue or profit while still running short of cash because of collection timing, inventory, prepayments, capex, or debt repayment.",
        "items": []
      },
      {
        "key": "usage",
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        "items": [
          "Use it when investigating why a profitable business still has cash pressure.",
          "Use it when deciding how much hiring, capex, marketing spend, or debt repayment the business can support."
        ]
      },
      {
        "key": "usage",
        "title": "使い方のポイント",
        "text": null,
        "items": [
          "Separate operating, investing, and financing cash flow, then explain the gap from profit.",
          "Review monthly cash balance, expected receipts, expected payments, and minimum required cash."
        ]
      },
      {
        "key": "drivers",
        "title": "変動要因 / ドライバー",
        "text": null,
        "items": [
          "Collection timing | Time from sale to cash receipt | A reason profitable companies can run short of cash",
          "Working capital | Receivables, inventory, payables | Often absorbs cash during growth",
          "Investment and financing | Capex, fundraising, debt repayment | Creates non-operating cash movement"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "misunderstandings": [
      {
        "key": "misunderstandings",
        "title": "判断するときの注意点",
        "text": null,
        "items": [
          "Profitability and cash availability are not the same.",
          "Financing inflows can make cash flow look better, but they should be separated from operating cash generation."
        ]
      },
      {
        "key": "misunderstandings",
        "title": "よくある誤解 / 落とし穴",
        "text": null,
        "items": [
          "Looking only at revenue growth can miss cash absorbed by receivables or inventory.",
          "Confusing financing inflows with operating cash generation misreads business health."
        ]
      }
    ],
    "examples": [
      {
        "key": "examples",
        "title": "最小例",
        "text": "Example: recording one million yen of revenue does not improve this month's operating cash flow if the customer pays next month.",
        "items": []
      }
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    "comparisons": [
      {
        "key": "comparisons",
        "title": "似ている言葉との違い",
        "text": null,
        "items": [
          "Profit | Accounting profit | Cash flow is cash movement",
          "Revenue | Sales recognized | Cash flow tracks actual cash receipt timing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "key": "related_metrics",
        "title": "一緒に見る指標",
        "text": null,
        "items": [
          "EBITDA | Comparison-oriented profit metric | Reconcile with cash flow to judge cash generation",
          "Runway | Months of cash remaining | Informed by cash burn and cash balance"
        ]
      }
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    "faq": [
      {
        "question": "How is cash flow different from profit?",
        "answer": "Profit is the accounting difference between revenue and expenses. Cash flow is actual cash moving in and out."
      },
      {
        "question": "Why should cash flow be monitored?",
        "answer": "Because operations, investment, repayment, and hiring are ultimately constrained by cash on hand."
      }
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    "text": "This page is reference information for research and learning. For accounting, legal, finance, health, security, or other individual decisions, confirm against primary sources or qualified professionals.",
    "items": [
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      "Fast-changing information such as regulations, accounting standards, prices, product specs, and legal requirements should be checked against primary sources before final decisions.",
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